Free PDF The Indispensable Enemy: Labor and the Anti-Chinese Movement in California
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The Indispensable Enemy: Labor and the Anti-Chinese Movement in California
Free PDF The Indispensable Enemy: Labor and the Anti-Chinese Movement in California
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From the Inside Flap
"An eloquent and meticulous history of race and class which is as exciting today as when it first appeared."--David Roediger, Professor of History, University of Minnesota "Saxton's path-breaking study continues to underscore the significant of race in the American politics and culture--a timely critical perspective for the 21st century."--Ronald Takaki, author of A Different Mirror "No one interested in the intersection of race, class, and ideology can neglect this book. It deserves a wide audience among a new generation of college students."--Robert W. Rydell, Professor of History, Montana State University "A classic--one that helped launch the "new western history" and belongs on a short list of books that have transformed our understanding of the western experience."--Gary B. Nash, Director of the National Center for History in the Schools
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About the Author
Alexander Saxton is Professor Emeritus of History, University of California, Los Angeles.
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Product details
Paperback: 310 pages
Publisher: University of California Press; First Paperback Edition edition (June 23, 1975)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 9780520029057
ISBN-13: 978-0520029057
ASIN: 0520029054
Product Dimensions:
5.4 x 0.8 x 8 inches
Shipping Weight: 10.4 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
3.0 out of 5 stars
1 customer review
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#1,735,524 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
In "The Indispensable Enemy," Alexander Saxton presents a broad study of American ideological history and an intricate examination of the California political system to further a better understanding of the anti-Chinese movement in California from the 1860s to 1902. According to Saxton, Chinese workers were "indispensable" to California for two reasons. First, the Chinese provided an important source of cheap labor for California industries. Second, the Chinese aided the labor movement in California (albeit unintentionally) by being the subject of the issue on which the majority of white workers could agree: the anti-Chinese issue. Saxton examines American ideology in the early nineteenth century to determine the roots of the anti-Chinese movement.Alexander Saxton offers a comprehensive study on the ideological origins of the anti-Chinese movement, the political importance of the issue, and the issues's future expansion to include the Japanese. The Jacksonian ideas of nationalism and racial superiority provide a clear foundation for understanding American attitudes towards African Americans and, later, Californian attitutudes towards the Chinese. Moreover, Saxton emphasizes the psychological and ideological reasons for the reactions against the Chinese instead of economic reasons more commonly used by historians. By not relying on the economic motivation for anti-Chinese demonstrations, Saxton is able to distinguish the persecution endured by the Chinese from the persecutions endured by other ethnic groups, like the Irish and Germans. Unfortunately, Saxton's main points often get lost in the maze of comments about social, intellectual, and political history as well as a detailed chronological description of California political affairs. A more focused study on the anti-Chinese movement would help to underline his main points for the reader.Saxton relies primarily on primary sources for his work such as newspapers, labor publications, and memoirs. Saxton, however, does deomonstrate an awareness of the limitations of such materials. Saxton also uses his sources appropriately. For example, Saxton does not include a chart on the number of Chinese workers in various occupations (as calculated by the Trades Assembly) as accurate statistical data. Saxton states that the chart is meant to show "how trade unionists viewed the [labor] situation in 1881-1882" (170).One main problem with Saxton's study is that he does not explain the actions of the labor unions from the point of view of the Chinese, He does not mention any Chinese leaders in California or the reactions of leaders in their homeland. In a couple of cases, Saxton does hint at a Chinese backlash. For exapmple, Saxton describes Chinatown in San Francisco as a fortress protecting the residents from outside threats. In other cases, however, the Chinese are vaguely described as passive recipients of persecution (for example, the Chinese did not offer any protest against their forced removal from Eureka and Seattle). A closer examination of the Chinese side would make "The Indispensable enemy" a more complete work.
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